Since the release of HPA v24, we are providing a unique highly-multiplexed data set showing the distribution of a large set of reference markers across all major tissues and organs in the human body. The images have been generated using CODEX technology for simultaneous immunostaining of 47 marker proteins across the panel of normal HPA tissue microarrays. The markers have been selected to help distinguish different tissue structures and cell types, and thus histological features, in the TMAs.

CODEX (CO-Detection by indEXing) is a multiplex imaging method that relies on antibodies conjugated to unique oligonucleotide barcodes. For each antibody, detection is achieved by adding a fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide reporter that is complementary to the oligonucleotide on the antibody. The detection occurs in iterative cycles, where each cycle enables the addition of three unique reporters carrying different fluorophores, followed by imaging and stripping. The technique allows for simultaneous detection of up to ~100 proteins in a single experiment, with single-cell resolution.

The image is an example from the duodenum, showing Ki67 as a marker for cell proliferation in blue, CD31 as a marker for endothelial cells in green, SMA as a marker for myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts in magenta, CD45 as a marker for immune cells in cyan, collagen IV in the basal layer in red and beta-actin in yellow.

Explore more of these beautiful images under each tissue or organ in the Dictionary of normal tissue histology.