Cell atlas - PCK2 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	PCK2
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Citric acid cycle related proteins Disease related genes Enzymes Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	9

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Summaryⁱ Annotated subcellular location(s) for the encoded protein(s) based on the human cells assay. The location(s) are highlighted in the illustration on the right.	Localized to the mitochondria.
RNA cell specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Cell line enhanced (HHSteC, hTCEpi, SK-MEL-30)
RNA cell distributionⁱ RNA distribution category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into five different categories (detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected) according to their pattern of detected RNA expression across the panel of cell lines.	Detected in many
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence); and evidence based on PeptideAtlas (MS evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable. Read more	Evidence at protein level
Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	Localized to the Mitochondria (enhanced)
siRNAⁱ Validation score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded proteins(s) according to siRNA validation. Read more	The location(s) are Enhanced based on siRNA mediated gene silencing.
GFPⁱ Validation score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded proteins(s) according to a GFP assay. Read more	The location(s) are Enhanced based on analysis of GFP-tagged protein.
Mouseⁱ Subcellular location for the protein(s) encoded by orthologous genes in mouse cells.	Localized to the Mitochondria in mouse cells.

SINGLE CELL VARIATIONⁱ Summary of single cell variations on RNA and protein level based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Cell cycle dependencyⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations. "NA" indicates a lack of such data. Read more	NA

DATA RELIABILITYⁱ Overall reliability score for the subcellular location(s) of the protein(s) in human cells, and summary of the antibodies used for immunostainings. Read more
Reliability scoreⁱ Overall gene reliability score for the subcellular location(s) of the encoded protein(s). A reliability score is set for all genes and indicates the level of reliability of the analyzed protein expression pattern based on available protein/RNA/gene characterization data. The reliability of the annotated protein expression data is also scored depending on similarity in immunostaining patterns and consistency with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Read more	Enhanced
Antibodiesⁱ Antibodies used for this assay. Click on an antibody for more information.	CAB018734 , HPA051162 , HPA053502
	SHOW MORE

ASSAYSⁱ

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWⁱ

RNA cell line categoryⁱ
RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.

Read more
: Cell line enhanced (HHSteC, hTCEpi, SK-MEL-30)

Organ

Origin

Category

Expression

Alphabetical

Cell lines ordered by organ of phenotypic resemblance.

HUMAN CELLSⁱ

Summaryⁱ

Localized to the mitochondria.

Main locationⁱ

Mitochondria (enhanced)


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Cell line RNA Expression (NX)ⁱ RNA expression level in the cell line based on normalised RNA sequencing data. Genes with a value above 1 NX are considered to be expressed. Read more	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).
CAB018734	A-431	5.5	Mitochondria
CAB018734	MCF7	23.9	Mitochondria
CAB018734	U-2 OS	6.7	Mitochondria
HPA051162	A-431	5.5	Mitochondria
HPA051162	MCF7	23.9	Mitochondria
HPA051162	U-2 OS	6.7	Mitochondria
HPA053502	Hep G2	27.5	Mitochondria
HPA053502	MCF7	23.9	Mitochondria
HPA053502	U-2 OS	6.7	Mitochondria

SINGLE CELL VARIATIONⁱ Assays for determining cell cycle dependency of RNA and protein expression, based on stainings in the U-2 OS FUCCI (Fluorescence Ubiquitination Cell Cycle Indicator) cell line, or a computational model for cell cycle position, or localization to cell cycle dependent compartments (e.g. mitotic spindle, cytokinetic bridge). Read more
Summaryⁱ Summary of observed cell cycle dependency of RNA and/or protein expression. "NA" indicates a lack of such data. Read more	NA

siRNA VALIDATIONⁱ

Antibodyⁱ

HPA051162

siRNA validationⁱ

Enhanced: Significant downregulation > 25% by one siRNA.

Analysis performed inⁱ

Cytoplasmic region of segmented cells in 10x-images

siRNA 2ⁱ

RFIⁱ

68%

p-valueⁱ

< 0.01


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The antibody and intensity channel toggle can be used to further illustrate the intensity downregulation when comparing images from scrambled and targeting siRNA samples in the images. The object toggle shows the segmentation compartment in which the change in intensity after siRNA downregulation was measured.	Low High

Thumbnail 10xⁱ Minatures of all available images acquired with a 10x objective after siRNA downregulation. The checkboxes can be used to select which three images to compare in the window above. All images are also clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image.	Thumbnail 40xⁱ Minatures of all available images acquired with a 40x objective after siRNA downregulation. The checkboxes can be used to select which three images to compare in the window above. All images are also clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image.	Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Sampleⁱ siRNA that was used for the analysis.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.
		HPA051162	siRNA 2	U-2 OS
		HPA051162	scrambled	U-2 OS

GFPⁱ

Antibodyⁱ

HPA051162

Validationⁱ

N-terminal tag
BAC cell line: 6291
Enhanced: Antibody staining overlaps with GFP tagged protein but show additional locations

Antibodyⁱ

HPA053502

Validationⁱ

N-terminal tag
BAC cell line: 6291
Enhanced: Antibody staining overlaps with GFP tagged protein but show additional locations


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The HPA-antibody staining targeting the protein of interest is shown in green and the staining of the GFP-tagged protein in purple. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel.	Low High

Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	BAC idⁱ BAC cell line used in the analysis. BAC cell lines have been obtained from the Hyman lab. The untransfected HeLa control cells are referred to as "normal".	Tagⁱ The GFP construct can be tagged to the target protein at either the N- or C-terminal, for some genes both versions are available.	Location antibody stainingⁱ Observed subcellular location(s) annotated for HPA-antibody targeting the endogenous protein.	Location tagged proteinⁱ Observed subcellular location(s) for the antibody targeting the GFP-tagged version of the protein.
HPA051162	HeLa	6291	N-terminal	Nucleoplasm, Mitochondria, Cytosol	Nucleoplasm, Cytosol
HPA051162	HeLa	Normal	-	Nucleoplasm, Mitochondria	-
HPA053502	HeLa	6291	N-terminal	Mitochondria, Cytosol	Nucleoplasm, Cytosol
HPA053502	HeLa	Normal	-	Nucleoplasm, Mitochondria	-

MOUSE CELLSⁱ

Main locationⁱ

Mitochondria

Mouse geneⁱ

ENSMUSG00000040618 (version 92)


	Toggle channelsⁱ Buttons for turning on and off the different channels in the multi-color images. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.	Low High

Thumbnailⁱ Minatures of all available images. The checkboxes can be used to select which three images to compare in the window above. All images are also clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay.	Antibodyⁱ Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.	Cell lineⁱ Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.	Locationⁱ Observed subcellular location(s).
	HPA053502	NIH 3T3	Mitochondria