Cell type atlas - A2M - The Human Protein Atlas

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A2M

SUMMARY

TISSUE

CELL TYPE

PATHOLOGY

BRAIN

BLOOD

CELL

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	A2M
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Alpha-2-macroglobulin
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Cancer-related genes Candidate cardiovascular disease genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Secreted
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	2

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (Horizontal cells, Hepatocytes, Ito cells, Endothelial cells, Sertoli cells)
Blood cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (gdT-cell)
Blood cell distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in some
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Group enriched (AF22, ASC diff, Hep G2, SK-MEL-30)
Cell line distributionⁱ RNA distribution category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into five different categories (detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected) according to their pattern of detected RNA expression across the panel of cell lines.	Detected in some
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence); and evidence based on PeptideAtlas (MS evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable. Read more	Evidence at protein level
Extracellular locationⁱ A possible secretion of the protein was predicted based on N-terminal signal sequence (signal peptide) predictions and transmembrane region predictions, and subsequently annotated for its local or systemic secretion based on literature, function, and protein and RNA expression data. Read more	Protein predicted to be secreted

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of single cell RNA (NX) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types Group Expression Alphabetical RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Horizontal cells, Hepatocytes, Ito cells, Endothelial cells, Sertoli cells)

SINGLE CELL TISSUESⁱ Single cell RNA in cell types from tissue are shown separately for each analyzed tissue. For easier navigation across tissues, use the grey browser on the left side of the window. Barchart shows pTPM levels in each cluster of single cells. To the left, a UMAP plot illustrates the RNA expression profile. The tissue name and plots are clickable and redirect to a more detailed interactive page. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common. Please note that the same cell type may be found in several clusters.
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Colon
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Eye
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Heart muscle
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Kidney
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Liver
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Lung
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Pancreas
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Placenta
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Prostate
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Rectum
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Skin
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Small intestine
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Testis

BLOODⁱ

Single cell data

Cluster

Expression

Alphabetical

PBMC

Flow sorted data

Lineage

Expression

Alphabetical

CELL LINESⁱ RNA expression data (NX) of tissue culture cell lines.The analyzed cell lines are divided into 16 color-coded groups according to the organ they were obtained from. Detailed information about a specific cell line is revealed by hovering over the corresponding bar in the chart. The chart is clickable and redirects to more Cell Atlas data. Read more
Organ Expression Alphabetical

Alveolar cells type 1	12 NX
Lung	12 NX

Alveolar cells type 2	137 NX
Lung	137 NX

B-cells	26 NX
Liver	61 NX
Colon	9 NX
Kidney	0 NX

Basal glandular cells	2 NX
Prostate	2 NX

Basal keratinocytes	17 NX
Skin	17 NX

Bipolar cells	5 NX
Eye	5 NX

Cardiomyocytes	90 NX
Heart muscle	90 NX

Cholangiocytes	28 NX
Liver	28 NX

Ciliated cells	8 NX
Lung	8 NX

Club cells	13 NX
Lung	13 NX

Collecting duct cells	2 NX
Kidney	2 NX

Cone photoreceptor cells	8 NX
Eye	8 NX

Cytotrophoblasts	2 NX
Placenta	2 NX

Distal tubular cells	0 NX
Kidney	0 NX

Ductal cells	0 NX
Pancreas	0 NX

Early spermatids	17 NX
Testis	17 NX

Endothelial cells	496 NX
Eye	1252 NX
Testis	901 NX
Placenta	822 NX
Heart muscle	668 NX
Lung	496 NX
Prostate	298 NX
Skin	212 NX
Liver	94 NX
Pancreas	39 NX

Enterocytes	0 NX
Rectum	0 NX
Colon	0 NX
Small intestine	0 NX

Erythroid cells	23 NX
Liver	23 NX

Exocrine glandular cells	5 NX
Pancreas	5 NX

Extravillous trophoblasts	3 NX
Placenta	3 NX

Fibroblasts	25 NX
Prostate	550 NX
Lung	443 NX
Heart muscle	114 NX
Skin	20 NX
Placenta	17 NX

Glandular cells	4 NX
Prostate	4 NX

Granulocytes	26 NX
Lung	51 NX
Colon	0 NX

Hepatocytes	596 NX
Liver	596 NX

Hofbauer cells	197 NX
Placenta	197 NX

Horizontal cells	644 NX
Eye	644 NX

Intestinal endocrine cells	0 NX
Colon	0 NX
Rectum	0 NX

Ito cells	556 NX
Liver	556 NX

Kupffer cells	100 NX
Liver	100 NX

Late spermatids	27 NX
Testis	27 NX

Leydig cells	72 NX
Testis	72 NX

Macrophages	64 NX
Prostate	235 NX
Lung	85 NX
Pancreas	77 NX
Testis	52 NX
Skin	51 NX
Kidney	22 NX

Melanocytes	22 NX
Skin	22 NX

Mixed cell types	NX
Pancreas	NX

Mixed immune cells	NX
Heart muscle	NX

Monocytes	66 NX
Pancreas	66 NX

Mucus-secreting cells	0 NX
Rectum	0 NX
Small intestine	0 NX
Colon	0 NX

Muller glia cells	5 NX
Eye	5 NX

Pancreatic endocrine cells	0 NX
Pancreas	0 NX

Paneth cells	0 NX
Colon	0 NX
Rectum	0 NX
Small intestine	0 NX

Peritubular cells	133 NX
Testis	133 NX

Proximal tubular cells	0 NX
Kidney	0 NX

Rod photoreceptor cells	19 NX
Eye	19 NX

Sertoli cells	330 NX
Testis	330 NX

Smooth muscle cells	208 NX
Heart muscle	492 NX
Prostate	319 NX
Skin	201 NX
Pancreas	42 NX

Spermatocytes	2 NX
Testis	2 NX

Spermatogonia	1 NX
Testis	1 NX

Suprabasal keratinocytes	12 NX
Skin	12 NX

Syncytiotrophoblasts	3 NX
Placenta	3 NX

T-cells	17 NX
Lung	69 NX
Liver	20 NX
Skin	17 NX
Kidney	3 NX
Prostate	0 NX
Colon	0 NX

Undifferentiated cells	0 NX
Rectum	0 NX
Small intestine	0 NX
Colon	0 NX

Urothelial cells	2 NX
Prostate	2 NX

Contact

contact@proteinatlas.org

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.