Cell type atlas - GLUL - The Human Protein Atlas

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GLUL

SUMMARY

TISSUE

CELL TYPE

PATHOLOGY

BRAIN

BLOOD

CELL

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	GLUL
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Glutamate-ammonia ligase
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Disease related genes Enzymes Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	5

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Group enriched (Late spermatids, Muller glia cells)
Blood cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (neutrophil)
Blood cell distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in all
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Cell line enhanced (ASC diff, ASC TERT1, HSkMC)
Cell line distributionⁱ RNA distribution category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into five different categories (detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected) according to their pattern of detected RNA expression across the panel of cell lines.	Detected in many
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence); and evidence based on PeptideAtlas (MS evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable. Read more	Evidence at protein level

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of single cell RNA (NX) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types Group Expression Alphabetical RNA single cell type specificity: Group enriched (Late spermatids, Muller glia cells)

SINGLE CELL TISSUESⁱ Single cell RNA in cell types from tissue are shown separately for each analyzed tissue. For easier navigation across tissues, use the grey browser on the left side of the window. Barchart shows pTPM levels in each cluster of single cells. To the left, a UMAP plot illustrates the RNA expression profile. The tissue name and plots are clickable and redirect to a more detailed interactive page. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common. Please note that the same cell type may be found in several clusters.
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Colon
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Eye
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Heart muscle
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Kidney
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Liver
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Lung
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Pancreas
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Placenta
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Prostate
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Rectum
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Skin
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Small intestine
Cluster Expression Alphabetical Testis

BLOODⁱ

Single cell data

Cluster

Expression

Alphabetical

PBMC

Flow sorted data

Lineage

Expression

Alphabetical

CELL LINESⁱ RNA expression data (NX) of tissue culture cell lines.The analyzed cell lines are divided into 16 color-coded groups according to the organ they were obtained from. Detailed information about a specific cell line is revealed by hovering over the corresponding bar in the chart. The chart is clickable and redirects to more Cell Atlas data. Read more
Organ Expression Alphabetical

Alveolar cells type 1	116 NX
Lung	116 NX

Alveolar cells type 2	193 NX
Lung	193 NX

B-cells	39 NX
Colon	106 NX
Liver	39 NX
Kidney	18 NX

Basal glandular cells	480 NX
Prostate	480 NX

Basal keratinocytes	120 NX
Skin	120 NX

Bipolar cells	84 NX
Eye	84 NX

Cardiomyocytes	198 NX
Heart muscle	198 NX

Cholangiocytes	163 NX
Liver	163 NX

Ciliated cells	242 NX
Lung	242 NX

Club cells	133 NX
Lung	133 NX

Collecting duct cells	79 NX
Kidney	79 NX

Cone photoreceptor cells	49 NX
Eye	49 NX

Cytotrophoblasts	127 NX
Placenta	127 NX

Distal tubular cells	63 NX
Kidney	63 NX

Ductal cells	92 NX
Pancreas	92 NX

Early spermatids	1437 NX
Testis	1437 NX

Endothelial cells	175 NX
Skin	280 NX
Eye	271 NX
Prostate	248 NX
Liver	214 NX
Placenta	156 NX
Testis	146 NX
Lung	146 NX
Heart muscle	143 NX
Pancreas	72 NX

Enterocytes	46 NX
Colon	146 NX
Rectum	86 NX
Small intestine	9 NX

Erythroid cells	210 NX
Liver	210 NX

Exocrine glandular cells	100 NX
Pancreas	100 NX

Extravillous trophoblasts	55 NX
Placenta	55 NX

Fibroblasts	230 NX
Prostate	465 NX
Heart muscle	395 NX
Skin	261 NX
Placenta	201 NX
Lung	132 NX

Glandular cells	354 NX
Prostate	354 NX

Granulocytes	759 NX
Lung	874 NX
Colon	643 NX

Hepatocytes	179 NX
Liver	179 NX

Hofbauer cells	734 NX
Placenta	734 NX

Horizontal cells	41 NX
Eye	41 NX

Intestinal endocrine cells	313 NX
Colon	421 NX
Rectum	204 NX

Ito cells	130 NX
Liver	130 NX

Kupffer cells	692 NX
Liver	692 NX

Late spermatids	6810 NX
Testis	6810 NX

Leydig cells	451 NX
Testis	451 NX

Macrophages	663 NX
Prostate	913 NX
Lung	788 NX
Pancreas	732 NX
Kidney	449 NX
Skin	407 NX
Testis	400 NX

Melanocytes	130 NX
Skin	130 NX

Mixed cell types	NX
Pancreas	NX

Mixed immune cells	NX
Heart muscle	NX

Monocytes	49 NX
Pancreas	49 NX

Mucus-secreting cells	226 NX
Colon	303 NX
Rectum	249 NX
Small intestine	137 NX

Muller glia cells	5699 NX
Eye	5699 NX

Pancreatic endocrine cells	117 NX
Pancreas	116 NX

Paneth cells	83 NX
Rectum	138 NX
Colon	83 NX
Small intestine	63 NX

Peritubular cells	353 NX
Testis	353 NX

Proximal tubular cells	40 NX
Kidney	40 NX

Rod photoreceptor cells	128 NX
Eye	128 NX

Sertoli cells	91 NX
Testis	91 NX

Smooth muscle cells	209 NX
Prostate	474 NX
Skin	238 NX
Heart muscle	115 NX
Pancreas	50 NX

Spermatocytes	39 NX
Testis	39 NX

Spermatogonia	52 NX
Testis	52 NX

Suprabasal keratinocytes	112 NX
Skin	112 NX

Syncytiotrophoblasts	197 NX
Placenta	197 NX

T-cells	97 NX
Prostate	366 NX
Lung	148 NX
Skin	115 NX
Liver	81 NX
Kidney	46 NX
Colon	28 NX

Undifferentiated cells	131 NX
Colon	229 NX
Rectum	173 NX
Small intestine	55 NX

Urothelial cells	1062 NX
Prostate	1062 NX

Contact

contact@proteinatlas.org

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.