Brain tissue expression of TUBB4A - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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TUBB4A

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GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Human gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	TUBB4A
Mouse gene name	Tubb4a
Human gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Tubulin beta 4A class IVa
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular
Mouse gene	ENSMUSG00000062591 (version 92)
Pig gene	ENSSSCG00000013545 (version 92)
Antibodies in assayⁱ The internal antibody ID for the antibody/antibodies available for this specific target, click link for more antibody information.	No antibodies in assay

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. The Tissue classification is based on 37 human tissue types, where brain is represented by the highest expression value among the human brain regions (including spinal cord and corpus callosum that is excluded from the regional classification based on 10 main brain regions). The combination of tissue and regional classification can be found here Read more	Group enriched (adrenal gland, brain)
	Human brain	Pig brain	Mouse brain
Regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity	Low region specificity	Low region specificity
Regional distributionⁱ The regional distribution category is based on mRNA expression detected above cut off or not in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The distribution categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue distribution category. Read more	Detected in all	Detected in all	Detected in all

BRAIN RNA EXPRESSION

HUMAN

PIG
Cerebral cortex Olfactory region Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons and medulla Cerebellum Corpus callosum Expression Detection All organs	Consensus Human brain datasetⁱ Consensus normalized expression (NX) levels were created for the 10 brain regions by combining the data from two transcriptomics datasets (GTEx and FANTOM5). Color coding is based on brain region and the bar shows the highest expression among the subregions included. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. Read more about how the datasets were combined into consensus normalized expression levels in Assays & Annotation. GTEx Human brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ GTEx dataset RNA-seq tissue data generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project is reported as mean pTPM (protein-coding transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples for respective subregion. Highest expression among the subregions represents the brain region. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The GTEx RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation. FANTOM5 Human brain CAGE datasetⁱ FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data for RNA expression obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) generated by the FANTOM5 project are reported as Scaled Tags Per Million. To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The CAGE method is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
ACG, pregenual-dorsal ACG, pregenual-ventral ACG, subgenual IFG, triangular IFG, orbital OrG, lateral OrG, posterior Ventrolateral PFC Ventromedial PFC Dorsolateral PFC Dorsomedial PFC Frontomarginal cortex Frontopolar cortex OrG, medial Gyrus rectus Subcallosal gyrus Superior frontal gyrus Frontal cortex Parietal cortex Temporal cortex	HPA Prefrontal cortex datasetⁱ HPA Prefrontal cortex dataset This dataset is a stand-alone dataset not integrated with other human transcriptomics data presented in the brain atlas. Brain expression data obtained through RNA-seq generated by the HPA, reported as normalized expression (NX) for human prefrontal cortex samples. Color coding of the bars separates prefrontal cortex and the three reference cortex regions (frontal, parietal and temporal). Trimmed mean values are calculated for the different subregions, to access individual sample data, click on subregion name or bar. Read more about data normalization strategy and the prefrontal cortex sampling in Assays & Annotation.
Cerebral cortex Olfactory region Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons and medulla Cerebellum Corpus callosum Spinal cord Pituitary gland Retina	HPA Pig brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ HPA Pig dataset HPA RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean NX (normalized expression) for the 10 brain regions. The NX calculation is based on pTPM (protein-coding transcripts per million) of the individual samples, avaliable at the detaile pages (reached when clicking a bar or regional name). To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The HPA RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation. The pig brain transcriptomics project is a collaborative project between human protein atlas and the Lars Bolund institute of regenerative Medicine (Dr. Yonglun Luo), BGI-Qingdao, China.
MOUSE
Cerebral cortex Olfactory region Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons and medulla Cerebellum Corpus callosum Pituitary gland Retina	HPA Mouse brain RNA-Seq datasetⁱ HPA Mouse dataset HPA RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean NX (normalized expression) for the 10 brain regions. The NX calculation is based on pTPM (protein-coding transcripts per million) of the individual samples, avaliable at the detaile pages (reached when clicking a bar or regional name). To access sample data, click on region name or bar. The HPA RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation. Allen Mouse brain ISH datasetⁱ The Allen Mouse Brain ISH The expression values based on in situ hybridization (ISH) available through the ABA API (© 2004 Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Mouse Brain Atlas) is imported and show regional expression grouped in the same manner as the other datasets. To access sample data and links to the ABA, click on region name or bar. Read more

HUMAN BRAIN PROTEIN LOCATIONⁱ The Human brain protein data is based on curated and manually selected Tissue Atlas data. The standard brain regions used in the Tissue Atlas are cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and cerebellum, only selected cases include information on hypothalamus or retina. The score is based on knowledge-based annotation of the protein location in the main cell types. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression. Read more
Non curated brain data available in the Tissue Atlas.

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The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.